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{"id":13192,"date":"2022-10-15T10:36:25","date_gmt":"2022-10-15T08:36:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/szkt.cz\/?post_type=journal_articles&#038;p=13192"},"modified":"2022-10-15T10:38:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-15T08:38:32","slug":"dub-u-velkeho-rybnika-v-plzni","status":"publish","type":"journal_articles","link":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/clanky-casopisu\/dub-u-velkeho-rybnika-v-plzni","title":{"rendered":"Dub u Velk\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka v Plzni"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zden\u011bk Kov\u00e1\u0159\u00edk<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed senescentn\u00edch strom\u016f \u2013 p\u0159\u00edklad z&nbsp;praxe<\/h3><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><p>O\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed star\u00e9ho stromu s histori\u00ed, p\u0159ed kterou v&nbsp;duchu smek\u00e1me, je odm\u011bnou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho arboristy.&nbsp; Motivuje n\u00e1s, bav\u00ed n\u00e1s, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zavazuje. Stoj\u00edme p\u0159ed dominantn\u00edm velik\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd \u017eije na sv\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b mnohdy stovky let, a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme, zda jsou na\u0161e znalosti, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zku\u0161enosti dostate\u010dn\u00e9 na to, abychom mu mohli pomoci v jeho dal\u0161\u00edm byt\u00ed. A\u0165 u\u017e se rozhodneme pro jak\u00fdkoliv z\u00e1sah, p\u0159istupujme k&nbsp;n\u011bmu s pokorou.<\/p><p>Dub (Quercus robur) u Velk\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm, nejhez\u010d\u00edm a snad i nejstar\u0161\u00edm pam\u00e1tn\u00fdm stromem na \u00fazem\u00ed m\u011bsta Plzn\u011b. Roste na hr\u00e1zi Velk\u00e9ho Boleveck\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka (GPS 79\u00b065\u201915.367\u2018\u2018 N; 13\u00b025\u201958.9\u2018\u2018 E) a je posledn\u00edm exempl\u00e1\u0159em z p\u016fvodn\u00edho os\u00e1zen\u00ed hr\u00e1ze p\u0159i zalo\u017een\u00ed rybn\u00edka v 15. stolet\u00ed. M\u00e1 \u00factyhodn\u00fd obvod kmene 735 cm a v\u00fd\u0161ku 26 metr\u016f.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"820\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/szkt.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-820x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-820x1024.png 820w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-300x375.png 300w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-600x749.png 600w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-768x959.png 768w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-229x286.png 229w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1-368x460.png 368w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-1.png 847w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><p>Na\u0161e prvn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u011bhlo v roce 1996, kdy jsme u v\u0161ech strom\u016f na hr\u00e1zi prov\u00e1d\u011bli bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed \u0159ez, pam\u00e1tn\u00fd strom nevyj\u00edmaje. Z\u00e1sah byl nutn\u00fd, ale neodpov\u00eddal stavu, ve kter\u00e9m se dub nach\u00e1zel. Snad vlivem po\u017e\u00e1ru p\u0159i\u0161el dub v minulosti o jeden z kmen\u016f, ud\u00e1lost dnes p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 torzo odum\u0159el\u00e9ho kmene, jeho\u017e mrtv\u00e9 d\u0159evo zasahuje a\u017e k zemi. Sm\u011brem k hr\u00e1zi \u010dn\u011bl mrtv\u00fd pah\u00fdl mohutn\u00e9 kostern\u00ed v\u011btve (obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 1). Kmen, kter\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r p\u0159e\u017eil, nesl pom\u011brn\u011b mohutnou vit\u00e1ln\u00ed korunu s charakterem dvojkmenu (obr\u00e1zek \u010d. 2). Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed dutina byla p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 dut\u00fdm torzem ve v\u00fd\u0161ce asi sedmi metr\u016f.<\/p><p>V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce (1997) rozhodl Magistr\u00e1t m\u011bsta Plzn\u011b o pot\u0159ebn\u00e9m o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed tohoto pam\u00e1tn\u00e9ho stromu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edm vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed dutiny, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00edho odv\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed od b\u00e1ze kmene, konzervaci venkovn\u00edho mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva penetra\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1t\u011brem a reduk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159ez v korun\u011b.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1ce za\u010daly v letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e roku vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm dutiny. Znamenalo to prot\u00e1hnout na lan\u011b des\u00edtky kbel\u00edk\u016f otvorem, kudy st\u011b\u017e\u00ed proleze \u0161t\u00edhl\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, a venku se kup\u00ed hromada rezav\u00e9ho odum\u0159el\u00e9ho d\u0159eva bez pevnosti. P\u0159ed n\u00e1mi z\u0159ejm\u011b v dutin\u011b p\u016fsobil s\u00edrovec \u017elutooran\u017eov\u00fd (Laetiporus sulphureus). \u017de v dutin\u011b nejsme prvn\u00ed, dokazovalo mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch hn\u00edzd a potravn\u00edch skr\u00fd\u0161\u00ed. Sna\u017eili jsme se tedy o veskrze p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, a\u010dkoliv arboristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky t\u00e9 doby nic podobn\u00e9ho neznaj\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 chemie, zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlenitosti vnit\u0159ku dutiny, do propustn\u00e9ho dna jsme instalovali kameninovou rouru, kter\u00e1 \u00fast\u00ed ven pod okrajem odum\u0159el\u00e9 b\u00e1ze kmene. V dutin\u011b se d\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u011b rozumn\u011b d\u00fdchat bez otravn\u00fdch respir\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p><p>V druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi jsme p\u0159istoupili k impregnaci vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho povrchu obou pah\u00fdl\u016f, ale bohu\u017eel jsme zjistili, \u017ee zbytek kostern\u00ed v\u011btve dr\u017e\u00ed ji\u017e jen na mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u00e9ho obvodu a mohlo by n\u00e1sledn\u011b doj\u00edt k jeho vylomen\u00ed. Po domluv\u011b se zadavatelem jsme jej tedy odstranili. Z\u00e1sadn\u011b se t\u00edm zm\u011bnil estetick\u00fd vzhled stromu, ale nav\u00edc vznikl velk\u00fd vstup do centr\u00e1ln\u00ed dutiny, co\u017e nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159ili jsme tedy pomocnou zast\u0159e\u0161ovac\u00ed konstrukci z&nbsp;pletiva a epoxidov\u00e9 prysky\u0159ice v hn\u011bd\u00e9 barv\u011b. Plocha \u201est\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky\u201c je tak velk\u00e1, \u017ee jsme se ani nesna\u017eili ji maskovat p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly. Na impregnaci torza jsme pou\u017eili klasick\u00fd Luxol v odst\u00ednu palisandr, l\u00e9ty vysu\u0161en\u00e9 d\u0159evo ho pojalo p\u0159es 15 litr\u016f.<\/p><p>V posledn\u00ed f\u00e1zi jsme zredukovali korunu po obvodu; cel\u00fd kmen a\u017e do kostern\u00edch v\u011btv\u00ed je vlivem infikace dut\u00fd s mno\u017estv\u00edm men\u0161\u00edch vstup\u016f.<\/p><p>O\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed jsme dokon\u010dili v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e, \u017ee jsme ud\u011blali spr\u00e1vn\u011b v\u0161e, co jsme mohli. Bohu\u017eel to nesta\u010dilo. P\u0159i velk\u00e9m v\u011btru v roce 2000 se siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z kmen\u016f zlomil a zm\u011bnil se tak nejen celkov\u00fd vzhled stromu, ale i jeho statick\u00e9 pom\u011bry. Zlom jsme n\u00e1sledn\u011b za\u010distili a opat\u0159ili pomocnou prysky\u0159icovou st\u0159\u00ed\u0161kou. Na posledn\u00edm z kmen\u016f je provedena op\u011btovn\u00e1 redukce, jedin\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u00ed kostern\u00ed v\u011btev je ji\u0161t\u011bna preventivn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed vazbou ARCO Standard. Ani dnes, s odstupem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtrn\u00e1cti let, nemohu \u0159\u00edci, zda jsme ud\u011blali opravdu v\u0161e tak, jak bylo pot\u0159eba. V\u00edm, \u017ee jsme m\u011bli nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edt impregnaci bezbarv\u00fdm Luxolem pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho vzhledu, mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt prvn\u00ed redukce razantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1, snad. Nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1m ne\u017e d\u00e1l sledovat stromy kolem n\u00e1s, hodnotit, jak reaguj\u00ed nejen na na\u0161e z\u00e1sahy, ale tak\u00e9 na ostatn\u00ed vlivy, sb\u00edrat post\u0159ehy a n\u011bkdy se i sm\u00ed\u0159it s t\u00edm, \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017eeme \u00fa\u010deln\u011b zastavit jejich p\u0159irozen\u00fd rozpad.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/szkt.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-2.png 275w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-2-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-2-215x294.png 215w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/szkt.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-3.png 274w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-3-218x300.png 218w, https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Dub-u-Velkeho-rybnika-v-Plzni-3-214x294.png 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><p><strong>Ing. Zden\u011bk Kov\u00e1\u0159\u00edk (1968)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>V\u0160Z LF Brno 1992<\/strong><\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zden\u011bk Kov\u00e1\u0159\u00edk<br \/>\nO\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed senescentn\u00edch strom\u016f \u2013 p\u0159\u00edklad z&nbsp;praxe<br \/>\nO\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed star\u00e9ho stromu s histori\u00ed, p\u0159ed kterou v&nbsp;duchu smek\u00e1me, je odm\u011bnou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho arboristy.&nbsp; Motivuje&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","journal_tag":[185,184,183],"journal_category":[101],"journal_author":[182],"class_list":["post-13192","journal_articles","type-journal_articles","status-publish","hentry","journal_tag-2011-1","journal_tag-pamatny","journal_tag-senescentni","journal_category-arboristika","journal_author-zdenek-kovarik"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_articles\/13192"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_articles"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_articles"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"journal_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_tag?post=13192"},{"taxonomy":"journal_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_category?post=13192"},{"taxonomy":"journal_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/szkt.digihood.dev\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_author?post=13192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}